“What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?”
The full verse · Luke 20:15 · KJV
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Asked by
Jesus: the Son of God and promised Messiah, teaching the people in the temple and telling the parable of the vineyard (Luke 20:1, 9)
Asked to
Crowd: the people in the temple to whom Jesus spoke this parable (Luke 20:9); Chief Priests: the leading priests, who perceived that He had spoken the parable against them (Luke 20:19); Scribes: experts in the law of Moses, who perceived it with them (Luke 20:19)
The Scene
Jesus, teaching the people in the temple, has just told how the husbandmen of a vineyard cast out and killed the owner's beloved son, while the chief priests and scribes who challenged His authority are listening (Luke 20:1, 9-15).
Why It Was Asked
The purpose behind the questionJesus asks the question to make His hearers face the end of the story. The servants have been beaten and the son is dead. What can the owner do now? The question presses for a verdict, and the answer is plain enough that anyone could give it. Gill names the husbandmen as "the chief priests, elders, Scribes, and Pharisees," and says that by killing the son the owner "must be greatly provoked and incensed." The question lets the hearers weigh the sentence on the husbandmen before they see themselves in the story (Luke 20:19).
The Response
What Scripture recordsIn Luke, Jesus answers His own question: "He shall come and destroy these husbandmen, and shall give the vineyard to others" (Luke 20:16). Gill notes that in Luke these "seem to be the words of Christ," while in Matthew the hearers give the answer (Matthew 21:41). The listeners recoiled: "God forbid" (Luke 20:16). Jesus then looked at them and asked about the rejected stone in Scripture (Luke 20:17). The chief priests and scribes "perceived that he had spoken this parable against them" and wanted to seize Him, but feared the people (Luke 20:19).
Historical Context
The world behind the words"God forbid" translates the Greek me genoito, literally "may it not be." The hearers were not disputing that the owner had the right to act. They were recoiling from the outcome. Gill says they spoke this way "perceiving that they were the persons intended."
Gill reads "others" in two ways: the land of Judea passing to the Romans, and the church state with the Gospel passing "to the Gentiles in general." On the words "and killed him," Gill points to Acts 2:23, where Peter tells the crowd in Jerusalem that Jesus was "delivered by the determinate counsel and foreknowledge of God" and that they had "crucified and slain" Him.
The Bigger Picture
Where this fits in God's storyUp to this point the parable showed God's patience: servant after servant, then the beloved son. This question turns to God's justice. A God who keeps sending is also a God who will come. Both are true of Him, and the parable will not let either one be forgotten.
The question also shows how Jesus taught His opponents. He did not open with an accusation. He told a story, let His hearers judge it, and only then let them see themselves in it. The leaders understood: "they perceived that he had spoken this parable against them" (Luke 20:19). Even then, the door was not shut. Peter would later preach to the people of Jerusalem about the One they had crucified (Acts 2:23), and many "gladly received his word" (Acts 2:41).
Look Closer
In Luke's account, who answers the question, "What therefore shall the lord of the vineyard do unto them?"
Carry the question into prayer and conversation.
Lord, You are patient and You are just; where do I need to take Your warnings as seriously as Your kindness?
A prayer to carry into the day.
- The hearers said "God forbid" to the ending but did not stop to ask about the path that led there. Why is it easier to dread consequences than to change direction?
- Share a time when a story or an example helped you see something about yourself that direct advice could not.
For you, a small group, a friend, or the dinner table.
God's patience and God's justice belong together. The same owner who sent servant after servant and then his beloved son is the owner who "shall come" (Luke 20:16). When you think about God, you don't have to choose between His kindness and His seriousness about sin. Let both shape how you respond to Him.
This parable is not aimed at people who are struggling to follow Jesus. It was spoken to leaders who had seen God's messengers and His Son and pushed them out. If you are afraid you have gone too far, notice that the people Peter preached to in Acts 2:23 had done exactly this, and the message to them was still good news.
Built from the biblical text and checked against trusted commentaries and lexicons. References & Sources
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