References & Sources

King James Version (KJV)

Published in 1611. Public domain in most of the world (in the United Kingdom, rights are held by the Crown).

How we use it Primary English text for every question, verse, and word count.

English Standard Version (ESV)

A modern English translation published by Crossway.

How we use it Parallel modern-language text alongside the KJV.

Textus Receptus (TR)

The Greek New Testament text tradition underlying the KJV.

How we use it Greek text for New Testament entries and word studies.

Westminster Leningrad Codex (WLC)

The digital edition of the Leningrad Codex, the oldest complete manuscript of the Hebrew Bible.

How we use it Hebrew text for Old Testament entries and word studies.

Keil & Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament

A 19th-century work by Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch, known for close engagement with the Hebrew text and ancient Near Eastern context.

How we use it Primary Old Testament commentary.

Albert Barnes, Notes on the New Testament

A 19th-century Presbyterian minister's verse-by-verse notes, valued for clarity and careful exegesis.

How we use it Primary New Testament commentary.

John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible

An 18th-century Baptist theologian with deep command of Hebrew, Greek, and rabbinic sources.

How we use it Language and background detail in both testaments.

Charles H. Spurgeon, Spurgeon's Verse Expositions of the Bible

Spurgeon's running expositions of the chapters read before his sermons at the Metropolitan Tabernacle. Public domain.

How we use it Devotional commentary in the Commentary reader.

Berean Standard Bible (BSB)

A modern, public-domain (CC0) translation from the Berean Bible project; verse text served via bolls.life.

How we use it Third version in the Bible Reader.

Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible (Unabridged, 1871)

The full six-volume JFB: critical and explanatory notes on every verse, retaining the Hebrew and Greek discussion most editions abridge away. Public domain.

How we use it Verse-by-verse notes in the Commentary reader.

Matthew Henry, Commentary on the Whole Bible

An early 18th-century commentary, one of the most widely read in English, known for warm, practical insight.

How we use it Pastoral and devotional perspective.

Warren Wiersbe, "Be" Series

A modern commentary series covering the whole Bible. Under copyright (David C Cook).

How we use it Practical application insight. Summarized in our own words, never reproduced.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance

James Strong's 1890 numbering system linking English words to their Hebrew and Greek originals.

How we use it Every word study is tied to its Strong's number.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (BDB)

The standard academic Hebrew-English lexicon of the Old Testament.

How we use it Hebrew word definitions and range of meaning.

Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon

A widely used New Testament Greek lexicon.

How we use it Greek word definitions.

Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (1922)

G. Abbott-Smith's concise New Testament Greek lexicon, now in the public domain; served from the STEPBible open data set.

How we use it Greek word definitions and sense divisions in every Word Study.

STEPBible Translators' Brief Lexicons (TBESH / TBESG)

Open-licensed (CC BY) short glosses for every extended Strong's number, Hebrew and Greek, maintained by Tyndale House, Cambridge.

How we use it The quick-glance meaning shown beside each tagged word.

BibleHub

Interlinear text, lexicons, and public-domain commentaries.

Blue Letter Bible

Strong's numbers, word occurrences, lexicons, and interlinear text.

StudyLight.org

Public-domain commentaries and lexicons.